The Challenge
Middlings is a dense mixture of fine solids, clays, and unaerated bitumen, forming a thick, yogurt-like consistency similar to mature fine tailings. Typical conditions include inlet pressures near 50 kPa, temperatures around 70 °C, specific gravity close to 1.35, and solids loading between 25 and 40 percent by weight. The high solids content makes this a highly erosive service for throttling valves.






